End-to-end outcomes · one chain
OI-ITP-0246 — Invoice to pay
One invoice followed from a supplier invoice is received to the payment clears and reconciles against the bank statement, across every function and tower it touched. more
State
Open
The week ended before the chain could reasonably finish. more
Chain cycle
4.2 d
Wall clock, first stage start to last stage end
Of which waiting
2.4 d
58% of the chain was queue, not work
Cost to serve
$66.84
6 touches over 2 stages
A person intervened
1×
At one stage, marked below
Match confidence
0.86
Inferred
What this chain is, and how sure we are it is one chain
Identity, counterparty and the correlation key
The unit
Merrow Production Services
Italy · Europe · EUR
Started Fri, Aug 14, 02:42, and has not ended inside the observation window.
How the stages were joined
Inferred · 0.86
The chain crosses a system boundary, but both sides name parties from a materially overlapping master, so it was matched on party, market, region and lag plausibility.
A chain is only as sure as its weakest join, so the figure above is the minimum across the 1 joins below, not their average.
How much of the service ran
2 / 3
2 functions · 1 tower
1 of the 3 stages were never found; the chain stops after cash reconciled. That is the chain as observed, not proof the work did not happen elsewhere.
The chain, stage by stage
2 stages · 2.4 d waiting · 41.6 h in work
01Invoice received
CG-S2P-003937Supplier invoiceap-automationProcurementS2P
The chain starts here. more
In work
1.1 h
Touches
0
Handling
touchless
Join
Origin
On the document
$15,979
Handoff wait before this stage: 2.4 d — nothing was being done to the invoice for that time.
02Payment released a person intervened
CG-S2P-002789Payment run itemtreasuryFinanceS2PAdaeze Nwachukwu
The document crosses from ap-automation into treasury, where no reference survives. more
In work
40.5 h
Touches
6
Handling
manual
Join
Inferred 0.86
On the document
$874
The amounts in the right-hand column are what each document carried, and they are deliberately not added up — the same money is written down once at each of the 2 stages this invoice passed through. This service counts value once, at invoice received, which puts $15,979 against this chain.
Where a person intervened
1 of 2 stages were not touchless
Payment released
manual
Adaeze Nwachukwu · Finance · Source-to-Pay · 6 touches over 40.5 h
Across the 131 complete chains of this service the median is 1, so this one sits on the middle. A stage counts here when its handling is assisted or manual; touchless stages are excluded.
What the time and the money went on
The chain decomposed
Waiting
2.4 d
58% of elapsed time
In work
41.6 h
42% of elapsed time
Waiting and work are an exhaustive split of the 4.2 d this chain took — every hour is in one bucket or the other. The longest single wait was 2.4 d before payment released.
Cost to serve, $66.84
6 touches at 11 minutes of loaded time each$63.80
2 stages of inference and system cost$3.04
Cost to serve is modeled from the touches the ledger recorded, not billed from a timesheet. more
No stage on this chain raised an exception.
The same chain for the whole week, as a distribution
131 complete invoice to pay chains, 10–16 August 2026
this chain sits at the 75th percentile
2
12
19
32
26
22
14
2
1
1
23.5 hten equal bands of chain cycle time7.0 d
Median chain
3.4 d
p25 2.8 d · p75 4.2 d
Slowest tenth
4.7 d
worst seen 7.0 d
Median waiting
2.6 d
76% of the median chain is queue
Median cost
$15.19
p90 $57.73
The mean of 3.5 d sits above the median of 3.4 d, which is why the distribution is drawn rather than reported as an average: the gap between the median and the slowest tenth is 32.1 h, and it is that tail, not the average, that customers of this service actually feel. This chain is not complete, so it is not in the 131 above. The commitment is 168 hours; no chain started early enough in a one-week window to be judged against it.
The ledger behind these chains is one week, 10 to 16 August 2026, which is 168 hours. A chain that had not finished when the week ended is open, not late: the week simply stopped watching it. A chain whose commitment falls after the end of the week could never have been seen to miss, so its service level reads not measurable rather than holding. Nothing on these pages should be read as a monthly or annual attainment. This chain had not finished when the window closed, so its cycle time is a floor, not a duration — it is right-censored, and it is not counted as a breach anywhere on this platform.